Broken Symmetries

Broken Symmetries

Despite the fact that any observer throughout the universe perceives an own central position, this universe appears inhomogeneous and asymmetrical. The question comes up, whether this is the true picture, or just the distorted view from the observer’s asymmetrical anchoring in space and time. Astrophysicists today use sophisticated statistics to interpret forms and distributions of galaxies, including their average speed through space. The complex processes of gases, birth and death of stars makes it difficult to extract the phenomena of dark matter halos. Current computer models use a critical energy density factor 1, applying about 23 percent of density contributions by dark matter and about 72 percent of density contributions by dark energy, the latter interpreted as a cosmological constant. This indicates an asymmetry, far away from the symmetrical cause and effect scenarios we are used to in any physical experiment in our laboratories on planet Earth. Action and reaction seem to play a minor role in the distribution of dominant forces and energies. We know that any physical process in a closed system reduces the state of order within this system, heading towards a state of disorder or randomness. This process would confirm an observed increasing asymmetry. However, this is not anymore valid for the opposing space-time sectors, because the energy values of both sides behave like reciprocals. Any increase on one side means a decrease on the opposing side: The key to understand dark energy may have been found.

Attempts of cosmologists to describe cosmic processes few moments after an assumed big-bang led during the past 3 decades to a model of an inflationary universe. Driving force of the inflation are postulated scalar fields. The introduction of such scalar fields follows the unifying theory for elementary particles called Grand Unified Theory, “GUT”. Fields of this kind serve in GUTs for a description of changing and symmetries that have their origin in one single type of initial force. These fields determine the development of the hierarchy of today’s fundamental forces of nature.

The existence of these postulated scalar fields could not be confirmed yet experimentally, but a majority of scientists see the early universe filled up with such scalar fields and a cosmos starting with an initial high symmetry and high energy density of scalar fields and heading towards low symmetry and low energy density of scalar fields because of progressive expansion and cooling.

The rotational symmetry of our four glass tubes in space-time describes exactly the perception of such a process, though the symmetry is still maintained within a super symmetry construction of alignment into four different directions. The reason is that the time acceleration glass tube is so far missing in GUT approaches and their time dilation tube limited to describe reactive functions. In case of a continuous transition from an originally symmetrical state into an asymmetrical state, energetic differences between physical conditions of those scalar fields can influence the cosmic expansion or even dominate, if the energy difference is considerably higher in comparison with all other involved energies. An initial highly symmetrical state, observed in Newton’s space-time quadrant alone, does not last for a very long time because of the tendency to head towards an energetically more favorable state. This situation can be compared with the instable symmetrical picture of a ball positioned at the beginning right on the top of an evenly shaped hill and the process of rolling downhill.

Analogy of GUTs ends here, because the theoretical transition of a highly symmetrical state of vacuum into an asymmetrical state has one peculiar feature that is different to anything physics could observe and describe so far: the energy density of a vacuum bubble that has been filled up with any of today’s known types of matter decreases during the expansion phase of this bubble, whereas the energy density of a symmetry-asymmetry transition vacuum seems to stay constant without a dilution. The pressure within such a transition vacuum equals a negative density. The expansion of the universe means for such a type of vacuum the necessity of a scalar quantity of work against the negative pressure. This implies the gain of energy. Such peculiar characteristics of symmetrical origin and peculiar vacuum towards asymmetry can be combined with current models of cosmology. One result is in fact a possible phase of an accelerating expansion of the universe. This speaks for the rotational space-time symmetry of our four glass tube directions.

The biggest unsolved problem of today’s inflationary model is the mathematics of quantization and retrospective calculations of the initial phase. The vacuum of current quantum theories for the fundamental forces of nature is not allowed to have any effect on gravity because the typical energy densities are in a range that such an effect on gravity would come into conflict with the observations of astronomers. The rotational symmetry of our glass tubes could be one solution, having always in mind that the glass mass of the tube can neither reach active speed of light, nor passive speed of light. Energy fields in the glass tube can. This means that parts of us, consisting of energy fields, managed during our generation process to be accelerated up to the speed of light against one of the four glass tubes, and that complementary parts have been slowed down from their speed of light level. A third and fourth kind of energy fields were contributed by the two other glass tubes, providing us with our mass features. Each of the tubes’ materials has a different consistency that can be described by the expected characteristics of superimposed scalar energy fields that are turned against each other in such an extended space-time structure.